Tokenized stocks: what they are, whether they are legal and the risks
Tokenized stocks explained: shares issued on-chain vs. custodial and synthetic tokens, how US and EU law regulate them, and what investors should check.
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Custodial vs non-custodial wallet: differences, MiCA and which one a business needs
Custodial or non-custodial wallet: who controls the keys, what MiCA requires from custodians (art. 75), the Travel Rule and which model fits each business.
Cross-border security token offerings between the EU and the US
How to run a security token offering across the EU and the US: Reg S outside the US, Reg D inside, a prospectus and MiFID II in Europe,…
Real estate development financing: developer loans, tokenization and other options
Developer loan, tokenized bonds, crowdfunding (ECSP) or SPV equity: what each route requires to finance a real estate development project in Spain.
Real estate tokenization in the United States: SPVs, SEC exemptions and real cases
How to tokenize real estate in the US: SPV structure, Reg D, Reg A and Reg CF, transfer agents, resale limits and real SEC filings, step by step.
Tokenized Funds in Europe: UCITS, AIFs, ELTIFs and the DLT Pilot Regime
A tokenized fund is still a UCITS, an AIF or an ELTIF. What changes in the register, what the DLT Pilot Regime allows and what Spain's CNMV requires.
Asset tokenization in the United States: Reg D, Reg A+, Reg CF and Reg S explained
How to issue tokenized securities in the US: Howey, Reg D 506(b) and 506(c), Reg A+, Reg CF and Reg S compared, who does what and the SEC's…
ERC-3643: the technical standard for security tokens
What ERC-3643 (T-REX) is, how it enforces on-chain compliance with ONCHAINID and why it matters for regulated security tokens.
Tokenisation of private equity and venture capital in Spain
How FCR and SCR holdings are tokenised in Spain: the MiFID II/LMVSI framework, venture capital law, the ERIR's role, advantages and limits.
How much does it cost and how long does it take to issue a security token in Spain
Cost components, factors that move the price and phases with indicative timelines for issuing a regulated security token in Spain.
Regulated tokenisation in Spain: the complete guide
How to tokenise assets in Spain: MiFID II and Law 6/2023, the ERIR, CNMV issuance, custody and taxation. A guide linking every topic.
Tokenised securities vs crypto-assets: the legal difference
MiFID II and the LMVSI against MiCA: why classification depends on the right embedded, and what it means for prospectus and ERIR.