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Smart contracts: good practices that will save you from a hack

Smart contracts are at the core of any blockchain project.

However, their immutability and real fund management make them an attractive target for attackers.

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A single mistake can result in millions of dollars in losses and irreparable damage to reputation.

Therefore, following good practices in development, testing and auditing is not optional: it's a critical need to ensure integrity and trust in your project.

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In this article, we'll review the keys to building well-designed smart contracts that minimize risks and avoid hacks.

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Importance of a secure smart contract

  • Contracts, once deployed, are immutable.
  • Bugs can be exploited to steal funds, manipulate data, or block functions.
  • A project's reputation is based on the trust of users and partners.
  • Auditing and good practices significantly reduce the attack surface.

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Best Practices for Developing Secure Smart Contracts

1. Write modular, readable code

  • Divide the contract into modules with clear functions.
  • It applies the principle of unique responsibility (each function does only one thing).
  • Use clear and consistent names for variables and functions.

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This makes it easy to review, detect errors, and future extension.

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2. Use safe and tested design patterns

  • Pull over push: To send funds, avoid sending ETH automatically; that the user withdraws (“pull payment”).
  • Checks-Effects-Interactions: Order operations to avoid re-entries.
  • Ownable and roles: Control access with standard contracts such as OpenZeppelin AccessControl.
  • Circuit Breaker: Implement an “emergency switch” to stop functions in case of emergency.

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These patterns have proven effective in mitigating common vulnerabilities.

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3. Perform comprehensive and automated testing

  • Implement unit tests for each function with frameworks such as Hardhat or Truffle.
  • Try normal scenarios and borderline cases.
  • Do integration and stress testing.
  • Use static analysis and fuzz testing tools to detect bugs and vulnerabilities.

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Continuous testing allows faults to be detected before auditing and deployment.

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4. Version Control and Controlled Deployment

  • Use a version control system such as Git to manage the code.
  • Keep a clear history of peer-reviewed changes and merges.
  • Use development and staging environments to test before deployment on mainnet.
  • Consider using upgradable proxies and contracts to fix errors without losing state.

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Orderly control avoids human errors and allows traceability.

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5. Verification and external auditing

  • Check the contract on browsers like Etherscan for transparency.
  • Hire specialized external audits before the launch.
  • Review audit reports with your team and correct anything detected.
  • Perform frequent internal audits for future changes.

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Auditing is an essential extra layer to reinforce security.

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Recommended tools for secure contracts

  • OpenZeppelin: Audited libraries and contracts to implement standards and roles.
  • MythX and Slither: Static analysis to detect vulnerabilities.
  • Hardhat and Foundry: Robust frameworks for testing and deployment.
  • Etherscan: Public verification and transparency of contracts.

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Real cases that demonstrate the importance of safety

  • The DAO hack (2016): Reentrancy exploit that led to millions of dollars in losses and a hard fork in Ethereum.
  • Parity multisig bug (2017): A mistake in a multisig contract blocked more than 150,000 ETH.
  • Compound comptroller bug (2020): Oracle vulnerability solved in time thanks to rigorous testing.

These examples underscore that security is at the core of every serious blockchain project.

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Conclusion

Don't leave the security of your smart contracts to chance. Implement from the start:

  • Modular and readable code
  • Safe design patterns
  • Automated and rigorous testing
  • Version control and phased deployment
  • External auditing and verification

Only then can you minimize risks and protect both your project and your users from critical hacks and failures.

Unknown Gravity

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