Un Merkle's Tree It's like an information tree: sheets contain data and branches combine that data into blocks. The great thing is that just by looking at the “root” of the tree, you can check if the data is correct without having to review one by one. This saves a lot of time and maintains security, especially in systems such as blockchain.

‍

Un Merkle's Tree is a data structure in the form of hashed binary tree, widely used in distributed systems and blockchains To achieve efficient verification, data integrity and inclusion tests. In this structure, each sheet of the tree represents the hash of a block of data, and each parent node is calculated as the combined hash of its child nodes. This process continues until you reach a single final hash at the top, known as the Merkle Root.

The main technical advantage of the Merkle Tree is that it allows us to check if a specific piece of data belongs to the set (for example, a transaction within a block) without having to verify all the elements, using a Merkle proof: a minimum sequence of hashes that, together with the original data, allows us to reconstruct the root and validate the inclusion.

In blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, the Merkle root is stored inside the header of each block. This allows you to securely and quickly validate if a specific transaction is part of that block without having to download the entire history. It is an essential part in mechanisms such as Simplified Payment Verification (SPV), lightweight validation, Rollups, airdrop verifications using Merkle trees or off-chain data integrity tests.

In addition, its efficient structure in terms of space and computing is ideal for applications that require verifying large volumes of data with minimal tests, being key to the scalability and decentralization of blockchain systems.